文学中的六种不同类型的冲突（故事）

在文学中，冲突是一种重要的文学手法。故事离不开冲突。冲突如同摩擦，使故事更加引人入胜，也更具张力。冲突赋予故事深刻的意义，展现了人物的优点、价值观和弱点。本文将探讨文学作品（故事）中六种不同类型的冲突。

人对人

Person versus person is the most common conflict. The objective of the protagonist is in objection to another main character or the antagonist. Often this other person is an antagonist who is determined to not let the protagonist succeed in their goal. Or it could also be another primary character whose perspective about life or 东西 specific is completely against the viewpoint of the protagonist. One of the examples for the later scenarios could be the relationship between Harry Potter and Dumbledore. Despite knowing a lot about Harry and his past, Dumbledore was fixed to not let him know anything. That is also a kind of a man vs. man conflict however, the objective of Dumbledore was just to protect Harry, which for Harry was an obstacle as his motive was to know everything and defeat Lord Voldemort.

人与社会

人与冲突是一种经典的外部冲突，主人公与社会规范抗争。主人公的信仰或价值观与社会普遍接受的正常、可接受和传统观念格格不入。哈珀·李的《杀死一只知更鸟》讲述了阿提克斯·芬奇为汤姆·罗宾逊伸张正义而与社会抗争的故事。除了阿提克斯之外，所有人都急于惩罚汤姆，仅仅因为他的肤色。

人与自然

在这种情况下，人或主角正在与动物、天气或气候变化等自然因素作斗争。 呈现这种冲突的叙事的主要信息是人类精神的韧性。 这种冲突的一个很好的例子是欧内斯特·海明威的《老人与海》。 孤独的老人正与一条巨大的马林鱼在墨西哥湾流中挣扎。 另一个经典是赫尔曼梅尔维尔的白鲸记。 而且，如果您正在寻找更新的内容，那么 Katrina Leno 的《盐之夏》将是一本不错的读物。 一场毁灭性的洪水将引发乔治娜是否会拯救她妹妹的问题。

人与技术

当今科幻小说中常见的桥段之一是人与科技的对抗。当人类研发出原本旨在造福人类的科技时，科技却逐渐拥有了自我意识，并开始反噬人类。科技诞生之后，作者必须展现一个反乌托邦世界，并在小说结尾提出一个关乎存在的根本问题。玛丽·雪莱的《弗兰肯斯坦》便是此类冲突的经典范例。

人与超自然

在这场冲突中，主角与外星人、神灵、梦境或人类无法理解的超自然力量作斗争。 这些超自然的力量非常强大，并且违反自然法则。 这是您的叙述所依据的最常见的冲突之一，因为它已经编写了数千年并且将持续下去。 人与超自然的冲突适用于科幻、超自然和幻想类型。 斯蒂芬·金的《闪灵》是人与超自然力量对抗的一个很好的例子。 尽管这种动态可以追溯到荷马的奥德赛的古老经典时期。

人与自我

The narrative presenting character vs. self-conflict deals with internal conflict. It often happens that the protagonist is suffering from a situation where they are struggling to discern what is wrong and what is right. Or perhaps, they know what is 世界上最好的 for them; however, that would cause problems for others that cause a conflict within. One of the more profound scenarios is when the protagonist comes off as an antagonist when what they had to deal with in their past. These characters struggle with trusting others, self-acceptance, and moving on from the past. All the other dynamics are external conflicts. In Les Miserables by Victor Hugo, Javert plays the role of a justice-driven human and yet thwarts Jean Valjean’s attempts at mercy and redemption. Another classic example is Hamlet’s iconic line “To be or not be”.

另请阅读：故事或文学作品中不同类型的角色，如何赋予故事不同的层次